Automated response to and sensing of user activity in portable devices

ABSTRACT

The various methods and devices described herein relate to devices which, in at least certain embodiments, may include one or more sensors for providing data relating to user activity and at least one processor for causing the device to respond based on the user activity which was determined, at least in part, through the sensors. The response by the device may include a change of state of the device, and the response may be automatically performed after the user activity is determined.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/613,439, filed Nov. 5, 2009, which is a divisional of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/586,862 filed Oct. 24, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No.7,633,076, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.11/241,839, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,653,883, and U.S.application Ser. No. 11/240,788, filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No.8,381,135, which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of portable devices and, inparticular, to systems and methods for sensing or determining useractivities and responding to the user's activities.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Portable devices, such as cell phones, are becoming increasingly common.These portable devices have grown more complex over time, incorporatingmany features including, for example, MP3 player capabilities, webbrowsing capabilities, capabilities of personal digital assistants(PDAs) and the like.

The battery life of these portable devices, however, can be limited.Often, the primary draw of battery power is the display device for theseportable devices and, in particular, the backlight, which can be used toilluminate the display device. In many current portable devices, anexemplary process 10 for illuminating the display is shown in FIG. 1. Inthis process, the backlight is activated (e.g. turned on to generatelight) when a user enters a key input into the portable device as shownin operation 12. A timer is started at operation 14 in response toactivating the backlight, and the portable device determines, atoperation 16, whether a time out of the timer has occurred. If theportable device receives a user key input at operation 18, the timerrestarts (in operation 14) and the process continues as described above.If the portable device does not receive a user input while the timer iscounting, the time out will occur, and the backlight is deactivated atoperation 20.

In addition, users often inadvertently enter key inputs on the inputdevice of the portable device, which can result in the telephoneperforming operations which the user did not intend. For example, thebacklight may illuminate, a telephone number may be dialed, a ringsetting may be changed, etc., because the user accidentally contacts akey on the input device. The inadvertent entry of an input isparticularly troublesome for a touch screen device, especially one whichmay receive an inadvertent input when a user has the portable deviceplaced next to the user's ear.

SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION

The various methods and devices described herein relate to deviceswhich, in at least certain embodiments, may include one or more sensors,such as a proximity sensor, for providing data relating to user activityand at least one processor for causing the device to respond based onthe user activity which was determined, at least in part, through thesensors. The response by the device may include a change of state of thedevice, and the response may be automatically performed after the useractivity is determined.

According to one embodiment of the inventions, a method includesreceiving data from at least one sensor, such as a proximity sensor, ata device, analyzing the data to determine activity of a user of thedevice, and modifying, in response to the analyzing, at least onesetting of the device such as a setting relating to how input data froman input device is processed. The device may be a telephone, such as acell phone, or an integrated telephone and media player, or other typesof devices which can include the sensor and logic to process data fromthe sensor and the input device may be a keypad or a multi-touch inputpanel. The sensors may be any one of a variety of sensors including, forexample, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, an accelerometer, alight sensor, a position determination device, an orientationdetermination device, a radio frequency electromagnetic wave sensor, atouch input panel, a motion sensor, or a sound sensor. In certainembodiments, the device may include a plurality of sensors whichtogether provide data to at least one processor which analyzes the datato determine activity of the user. In at least certain embodiments, theanalyzing may use an artificial intelligence process which includes acomparison of data, derived from the one or more sensors, to athreshold; for example, the data from a proximity sensor may be comparedto a threshold value which represents a distance between a portion ofthe device and the user's ear or head. The data from a sensor mayrepresent an analog value detected by the sensor; the analog value mayindicate any one of a variety of analog values including, for example, adistance, a temperature, a light intensity, a measurement of motion ororientation, a measurement of sound intensity or an RF electromagneticmeasurement. The artificial intelligence process, in at least certainembodiments, may be required to receive the data and to select aninterpretation of the data from a set of possible interpretations, andthe interpretation which is selected will in turn be used to decide howto modify the at least one setting. The setting which is modified may beany one of a variety of settings including, for example, a setting of adisplay illuminator, a setting of a sound input or sound outputparameter, a setting of a state of an input device relative to receiptof user input, a setting of a communication parameter, a setting of aprocessor, or a setting of the mode of the device (e.g. cell phone modeor media player mode).

Various devices which perform one or more of the foregoing methods andmachine readable media which, when executed by a processing system,cause the processing system to perform these methods, are alsodescribed.

According to another embodiment of the inventions, a method of operatinga portable device having a hinge includes sensing a state of the hinge,analyzing data from a proximity sensor when the state of the hinge showsthat the portable device is in an open configuration, and modifying atleast one setting of the portable device in response to the analyzing.In at least certain embodiments, when the state of the hinge indicatesthat the portable device is in a closed configuration, the data from theproximity sensor is either ignored or not processed to determine whethera user's head or ear is near the proximity sensor; further, when in thisclosed configuration, the proximity sensor is placed in a reduced powerconsumption state. An implementation of one or more of these methods maybe performed by a cellular telephone which typically includes a firsthousing, a second housing, a hinge which couples the first housing tothe second housing, a hinge state detector to detect a state of thehinge, a proximity sensor, and at least one processor coupled to theproximity sensor and to the hinge state detector.

Other methods, devices and machine readable media are also described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is described by way of example with reference to theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is flow chart of a prior art method for responding to user inputand controlling the backlight of a display in response to the userinput;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portable device in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portable device in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portable device in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a portable device in a firstconfiguration (e.g. in an open configuration) in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the portable device of FIG. 5A in asecond configuration (e.g. a closed configuration) in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a system in which embodiments of thepresent invention can be implemented;

FIG. 7A is a schematic side view of a proximity sensor in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B is a schematic side view of an alternative proximity sensor inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of inputs and outputs for logic, such asartificial intelligence logic, in accordance with embodiments of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 9A-C are views of user activities in accordance with embodimentsof the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method that includes automated responses touser activity in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 11A-F are flow charts of combinations of sensing to determine useractivity and performing automated responses in accordance withembodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a digital processing system in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments and aspects of the inventions will be described withreference to details discussed below, and the accompanying drawings willillustrate the various embodiments. The following description anddrawings are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construedas limiting the invention. Numerous specific details are described toprovide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the presentinvention. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventionaldetails are not described in order to provide a concise discussion ofembodiments of the present inventions.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented interms of algorithms which include operations on data stored within acomputer memory. An algorithm is generally a self-consistent sequence ofoperations leading to a desired result. The operations typically requireor involve physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually,though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical ormagnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined,compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times,principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals asbits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or thelike.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion,it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizingterms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or“determining” or “displaying” or the like, can refer to the action andprocesses of a data processing system, or similar electronic device,that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical(electronic) quantities within the system's registers and memories intoother data similarly represented as physical quantities within thesystem's memories or registers or other such information storage,transmission or display devices.

The present invention can relate to an apparatus for performing one ormore of the operations described herein. This apparatus may be speciallyconstructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a generalpurpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computerprogram stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored ina machine (e.g. computer) readable storage medium, such as, but is notlimited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks,CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), randomaccess memories (RAMs), erasable programmable ROMs (EPROMs),electrically erasable programmable ROMs (EEPROMs), magnetic or opticalcards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronicinstructions, and each coupled to a bus.

A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing ortransmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes read onlymemory (“ROM”); random access memory (“RAM”); magnetic disk storagemedia; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical,acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves,infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.

At least certain embodiments of the present inventions include one ormore sensors to monitor user activity. At least certain embodiments ofthe present inventions also include automatically changing a state ofthe portable device based on user activity, such as, for example,automatically activating or deactivating a backlight of a display deviceof the portable device or setting an input device of the portable deviceto a particular state, based on certain predetermined user activities.

At least certain embodiments of the inventions may be part of a digitalmedia player, such as a portable music and/or video media player, whichmay include a media processing system to present the media, a storagedevice to store the media and may further include a radio frequency (RF)transceiver (e.g., an RF transceiver for a cellular telephone) coupledwith an antenna system and the media processing system. In certainembodiments, media stored on a remote storage device may be transmittedto the media player through the RF transceiver. The media may be, forexample, one or more of music or other audio, still pictures, or motionpictures.

The portable media player may include a media selection device, such asa click wheel input device on an iPod® or iPod Nano® media player fromApple Computer, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., a touch screen input device,pushbutton device, movable pointing input device or other input device.The media selection device may be used to select the media stored on thestorage device and/or the remote storage device. The portable mediaplayer may, in at least certain embodiments, include a display devicewhich is coupled to the media processing system to display titles orother indicators of media being selected through the input device andbeing presented, either through a speaker or earphone(s), or on thedisplay device, or on both display device and a speaker or earphone(s).Examples of a portable media player are described in published U.S.patent application numbers 2003/0095096 and 2004/0224638 both of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

Embodiments of the inventions described herein may be part of othertypes of data processing systems, such as, for example, entertainmentsystems or personal digital assistants (PDAs), or general purposecomputer systems, or special purpose computer systems, or an embeddeddevice within another device, or cellular telephones which do notinclude media players, or devices which combine aspects or functions ofthese devices (e.g., a media player, such as an iPod®, combined with aPDA, an entertainment system, and a cellular telephone in one portabledevice).

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable device 30 according to one embodiment ofthe invention. FIG. 2 shows a wireless device in a telephoneconfiguration having a “candy-bar” style. In FIG. 2, the wireless device30 may include a housing 32, a display device 34, an input device 36which may be an alphanumeric keypad, a speaker 38, a microphone 40 andan antenna 42. The wireless device 30 also may include a proximitysensor 44 and an accelerometer 46. It will be appreciated that theembodiment of FIG. 2 may use more or fewer sensors and may have adifferent form factor from the form factor shown in FIG. 2.

The display device 34 is shown positioned at an upper portion of thehousing 32, and the input device 36 is shown positioned at a lowerportion of the housing 32. The antenna 42 is shown extending from thehousing 32 at an upper portion of the housing 32. The speaker 38 is alsoshown at an upper portion of the housing 32 above the display device 34.The microphone 40 is shown at a lower portion of the housing 32, belowthe input device 36. It will be appreciated that the speaker 38 andmicrophone 40 can be positioned at any location on the housing, but aretypically positioned in accordance with a user's ear and mouth,respectively. The proximity sensor 44 is shown at or near the speaker 38and at least partially within the housing 32. The accelerometer 46 isshown at a lower portion of the housing 32 and within the housing 32. Itwill be appreciated that the particular locations of the above-describedfeatures may vary in alternative embodiments.

The display device 34 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display(LCD) which does not include the ability to accept inputs or a touchinput screen which also includes an LCD. The input device 36 mayinclude, for example, buttons, switches, dials, sliders, keys or keypad,navigation pad, touch pad, touch screen, and the like.

Any well-known speaker, microphone and antenna can be used for speaker38, microphone 40 and antenna 42, respectively.

The proximity sensor 44 may detect location (e.g. X, Y, Z), direction,speed, orientation (e.g., roll, pitch, yaw), etc. of objects relative tothe wireless device 30. A location of an object relative to the wirelessdevice can be represented as a distance in at least certain embodiments.The proximity sensor may generate location or movement data or both,which may be used to determine the location of objects relative to theportable device 30 and/or proximity sensor 44. An example of a proximitysensor is shown in FIG. 7A.

In addition, a processing device (not shown) is coupled to the proximitysensor(s) 44. The processing device may be used to determine thelocation of objects relative to the portable device 30 or proximitysensor 44 or both based on the location and/or movement data provided bythe proximity sensor 44. The proximity sensor may continuously orperiodically monitor the object location. The proximity sensor may alsobe able to determine the type of object it is detecting.

Additional information about proximity sensors can be found in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, titled “PROXIMITY DETECTOR INHANDHELD DEVICE,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/240,788,titled “PROXIMITY DETECTOR IN HANDHELD DEVICE;” U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/165,958, titled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOTELYDETECTING PRESENCE,” filed Jun. 23, 2005; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,583,676,titled “PROXIMITY/TOUCH DETECTOR AND CALIBRATION CIRCUIT,” issued Jun.24, 2003, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

According to one embodiment, the accelerometer 46 is able to detect amovement including an acceleration or de-acceleration of the wirelessdevice. The accelerometer 46 may generate movement data for multipledimensions, which may be used to determine a direction of movement ofthe wireless device. For example, the accelerometer 46 may generate X, Yand Z axis acceleration information when the accelerometer 46 detectsthat the portable device is moved. In one embodiment, the accelerometer46 may be implemented as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,013, which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Alternatively, theaccelerometer 46 may be a KGF01 accelerometer from Kionix or an ADXL311accelerometer from Analog Devices or other accelerometers which areknown in the art.

In addition, a processing device (not shown) is coupled to theaccelerometer(s) 46. The processing device may be used to calculate adirection of movement, also referred to as a movement vector of thewireless device 30. The movement vector may be determined according toone or more predetermined formulas based on the movement data (e.g.,movement in X, Y and Z) provided by accelerometer 46. The processingdevice may be integrated with the accelerometer 46 or integrated withother components, such as, for example, a chipset of a microprocessor,of the portable device.

The accelerometer 46 may continuously or periodically monitor themovement of the portable device. As a result, an orientation of theportable device prior to the movement and after the movement may bedetermined based on the movement data provided by the accelerometerattached to the portable device.

Additional information about accelerometers can be found in co-pendingU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/986,730, filed Nov. 12, 2004, whichis hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The data acquired from the proximity sensor 44 and the accelerometer 46can be combined together, or used alone, to gather information about theuser's activities. The data from the proximity sensor 44, theaccelerometer 46 or both can be used, for example, toactivate/deactivate a display backlight, initiate commands, makeselections, control scrolling or other movement in a display, controlinput device settings, or to make other changes to one or more settingsof the device.

FIG. 3 shows an alternative portable device 30 a, which is similar tothe portable device 30 illustrated in FIG. 2. The portable device 30 ashown in FIG. 3 can differ from the portable device 30 shown in FIG. 2in that the proximity sensor 44 a (FIG. 3) is located at or near themicrophone 40.

FIG. 4 shows a portable device 50 in accordance with one embodiment ofthe invention. The portable device 50 may include a housing 52, adisplay/input device 54, a speaker 56, a microphone 58 and an optionalantenna 60 (which may be visible on the exterior of the housing or maybe concealed within the housing). The portable device 50 also mayinclude a proximity sensor 62 and an accelerometer 64. The portabledevice 50 may be a cellular telephone or a device which is an integratedPDA. and a cellular telephone or a device which is an integrated mediaplayer and a cellular telephone or a device which is both anentertainment system (e.g. for playing games) and a cellular telephone,or the portable device 50 may be other types of devices describedherein. In one particular embodiment, the portable device 50 may includea cellular telephone and a media player and a PDA, all contained withinthe housing 52. The portable device 50 may have a form factor which issmall enough that it fits within the hand of a normal adult and is lightenough that it can be carried in one hand by an adult. It will beappreciated that the term “portable” means the device can be easily heldin an adult user's hands (one or both); for example, a laptop computerand an iPod are portable devices.

In one embodiment, the display/input device 54 may include a multi-pointtouch input screen in addition to being a display, such as an LCD. Inone embodiment, the multi-point touch screen is a capacitive sensingmedium configured to detect multiple touches (e.g., blobs on the displayfrom a user's face or multiple fingers concurrently touching or nearlytouching the display) or near touches (e.g., blobs on the display) thatoccur at the same time and at distinct locations in the plane of thetouch panel and to produce distinct signals representative of thelocation of the touches on the plane of the touch panel for each of themultiple touches. Additional information about multi-point input touchscreens can be found in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/840,862, filed May 6, 2004 (see published U.S. patent application20060097991), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.A multi-point input touch screen may also be referred to as amulti-touch input panel.

A processing device (not shown) may be coupled to the display/inputdevice 54. The processing device may be used to calculate touches on thetouch panel. The display/input device 54 can use the detected touch(e.g., blob or blobs from a user's face) data to, for example, identifythe location of certain objects and to also identify the type of objecttouching (or nearly touching) the display/input device 54.

The data acquired from the proximity sensor 62 and the display/inputdevice 54 can be combined to gather information about the user'sactivities as described herein. The data from the proximity sensor 62and the display/input device 54 can be used to change one or moresettings of the portable device 50, such as, for example, change anillumination setting of the display/input device 54,

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the display/input device 54occupies a large portion of one surface (e.g. the top surface) of thehousing 52 of the portable device 50. In one embodiment, thedisplay/input device 54 consumes substantially the entire front surfaceof the portable device 50. In another embodiment, the display/inputdevice 54 consumes, for example, at least 75% of a front surface of thehousing 52 of the portable device 50. In alternative embodiments, theportable device 50 may include a display which does not have inputcapabilities, but the display still occupies a large portion of onesurface of the portable device 50. In this case, the portable device 50may include other types of input devices such as a QWERTY keyboard orother types of keyboard which slide out or swing out from a portion ofthe portable device 50.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a portable device 70 according to oneembodiment of the invention. The portable device 70 may be a cellulartelephone which includes a hinge 87 that couples a display housing 89 toa keypad housing 91. The hinge 87 allows a user to open and close thecellular telephone so that it can be placed in at least one of twodifferent configurations shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. In one particularembodiment, the hinge 87 may rotatably couple the display housing to thekeypad housing. In particular, a user can open the cellular telephone toplace it in the open configuration shown in FIG. 5A and can close thecellular telephone to place it in the closed configuration shown in FIG.5B. The keypad housing 91 may include a keypad 95 which receives inputs(e.g. telephone number inputs or other alphanumeric inputs) from a userand a microphone 97 which receives voice input from the user. Thedisplay housing 89 may include, on its interior surface, a display 93(e.g. an LCD) and a speaker 98 and a proximity sensor 84; on itsexterior surface, the display housing 89 may include a speaker 96, atemperature sensor 94, a display 88 (e.g. another LCD), an ambient lightsensor 92, and a proximity sensor 84A. Hence, in this embodiment, thedisplay housing 89 may include a first proximity sensor on its interiorsurface and a second proximity sensor on its exterior surface. The firstproximity sensor may be used to detect a user's head or ear being withina certain distance of the first proximity sensor and to cause anillumination setting of displays 93 and 88 to be changed automaticallyin response to this detecting (e.g. the illumination for both displaysare turned off or otherwise set in a reduced power state). Data from thesecond proximity sensor, along with data from the ambient light sensor92 and data from the temperature sensor 94, may be used to detect thatthe cellular telephone has been placed into the user's pocket.

In at least certain embodiments, the portable device 70 may containcomponents which provide one or more of the functions of a wirelesscommunication device such as a cellular telephone, a media player, anentertainment system, a PDA, or other types of devices described herein.In one implementation of an embodiment, the portable device 70 may be acellular telephone integrated with a media player which plays MP3 files,such as MP3 music files.

Each of the devices shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5A and 5B may be a wirelesscommunication device, such as a cellular telephone, and may include aplurality of components which provide a capability for wirelesscommunication. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a wireless device 100 whichincludes the capability for wireless communication. The wireless device100 may be included in any one of the devices shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5Aand 5B, although alternative embodiments of those devices of FIGS. 2-5Bmay include more or fewer components than the wireless device 100.

Wireless device 100 may include an antenna system 101. Wireless device100 may also include a digital and/or analog radio frequency (RF)transceiver 102, coupled to the antenna system 101, to transmit and/orreceive voice, digital data and/or media signals through antenna system101.

Wireless device 100 may also include a digital processing system 103 tocontrol the digital RF transceiver and to manage the voice, digital dataand/or media signals. Digital processing system 103 may be a generalpurpose processing device, such as a microprocessor or controller forexample. Digital processing system 103 may also be a special purposeprocessing device, such as an ASIC (application specific integratedcircuit), FPGA (field-programmable gate array) or DSP (digital signalprocessor). Digital processing system 103 may also include otherdevices, as are known in the art, to interface with other components ofwireless device 100. For example, digital processing system 103 mayinclude analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters to interfacewith other components of wireless device 100. Digital processing system103 may include a media processing system 109, which may also include ageneral purpose or special purpose processing device to manage media,such as files of audio data.

Wireless device 100 may also include a storage device 104, coupled tothe digital processing system, to store data and/or operating programsfor the wireless device 100. Storage device 104 may be, for example, anytype of solid-state or magnetic memory device.

Wireless device 100 may also include one or more input devices 105,coupled to the digital processing system 103, to accept user inputs(e.g., telephone numbers, names, addresses, media selections, etc.)Input device 105 may be, for example, one or more of a keypad, atouchpad, a touch screen, a pointing device in combination with adisplay device or similar input device.

Wireless device 100 may also include at least one display device 106,coupled to the digital processing system 103, to display informationsuch as messages, telephone call information, contact information,pictures, movies and/or titles or other indicators of media beingselected via the input device 105. Display device 106 may be, forexample, an LCD display device. In one embodiment, display device 106and input device 105 may be integrated together in the same device(e.g., a touch screen LCD such as a multi-touch input panel which isintegrated with a display device, such as an LCD display device).Examples of a touch input panel and a display integrated together areshown in U.S. published application No. 20060097991. The display device106 may include a backlight 106 a to illuminate the display device 106under certain circumstances. It will be appreciated that the wirelessdevice 100 may include multiple displays.

Wireless device 100 may also include a battery 107 to supply operatingpower to components of the system including digital RF transceiver 102,digital processing system 103, storage device 104, input device 105,microphone 105A, audio transducer 108, media processing system 109,sensor(s) 110, and display device 106. Battery 107 may be, for example,a rechargeable or non-rechargeable lithium or nickel metal hydridebattery.

Wireless device 100 may also include audio transducers 108, which mayinclude one or more speakers, and at least one microphone 105A.

Wireless device 100 may also include one or more sensors 110 coupled tothe digital processing system 103. The sensor(s) 110 may include, forexample, one or more of a proximity sensor, accelerometer, touch inputpanel, ambient light sensor, ambient noise sensor, temperature sensor,gyroscope, a hinge detector, a position determination device, anorientation determination device, a motion sensor, a sound sensor, aradio frequency electromagnetic wave sensor, and other types of sensorsand combinations thereof. Based on the data acquired by the sensor(s)110, various responses may be performed automatically by the digitalprocessing system, such as, for example, activating or deactivating thebacklight 106 a, changing a setting of the input device 105 (e.g.switching between processing or not processing, as an intentional userinput, any input data from an input device), and other responses andcombinations thereof.

In one embodiment, digital RF transceiver 102, digital processing system103 and/or storage device 104 may include one or more integratedcircuits disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB).

FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate exemplary proximity sensors in accordancewith embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated that, inalternative embodiments, other types of proximity sensors, such ascapacitive sensors or sonar-like sensors, may be used rather than theproximity sensors shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. In FIG. 7A, the proximitysensor 120 includes an emitter 122, a detector 124, and a window 126.The emitter 122 generates light in the infrared (IR) bands, and may be,for example, a Light Emitting Diode (LED). The detector 124 isconfigured to detect changes in light intensity and may be, for example,a phototransistor. The window 126 may be formed from translucent orsemi-translucent material. In one embodiment, the window 126 is anacoustic mesh, such as, for example, a mesh typically found with amicrophone or speaker of the portable device. In other embodiments, thewindow 126 may be MicroPerf, IR transparent strands wound in a mesh, ora cold mirror.

During operation, the light from the emitter 122 hits an object 128 andscatters when the object is present above the window 126. The light fromthe emitter may be emitted in square wave pulses which have a knownfrequency, thereby allowing the detector 124 to distinguish betweenambient light and light from emitter 122 which is reflected by anobject, such as the user's head or ear or a material in a user's pocket,back to the detector 124. At least a portion of the scattered light isreflected towards the detector 124. The increase in light intensity isdetected by the detector 124, and this is interpreted by a processingsystem (not shown in FIG. 7A) to mean an object is present within ashort distance of the detector 124. If no object is present or theobject is beyond a certain distance from the detector 124, aninsufficient or smaller amount of the emitted light is reflected backtowards the detector 124, and this is interpreted by the processingsystem (not shown in FIG. 7A) to mean that an object is not present oris at a relatively large distance. In each case, the proximity sensor ismeasuring the intensity of reflected light which is related to thedistance between the object which reflects the light and detector 124.

In one embodiment, the emitter 122 and detector 124 are disposed withinthe housing of a portable device, as described above with reference toFIGS. 2-5B.

In FIG. 7B, the emitter 122 and detector 124 of the proximity sensor areangled inward towards one another to improve detection of the reflectedlight, but the proximity sensor of FIG. 7B otherwise operates in amanner similar to the proximity sensor of FIG. 7A.

It will be appreciated that at least some of the sensors which are usedwith embodiments of the inventions may determine or provide data whichrepresents an analog value. In other words, the data represents a valuewhich can be any one of a set of possible values which can varycontinuously or substantially continuously, rather than being discretevalues which have quantum, discrete jumps from one value to the nextvalue. Further, the value represented by the data may not bepredetermined. For example, in the case of a distance measured by aproximity sensor, the distance is not predetermined, unlike values ofkeys on a keypad which represent a predetermined value. For example, aproximity sensor may determine or provide data that represents adistance which can vary continuously or nearly continuously in an analogfashion; in the case of such a proximity sensor, the distance maycorrespond to the intensity of reflected light which originated from theemitter of the proximity sensor. A temperature sensor may determine orprovide data that represents a temperature, which is an analog value. Alight sensor, such as an ambient light sensor, may determine or providedata that represents a light intensity which is an analog value. Amotion sensor, such as an accelerometer, may determine or provide datawhich represents a measurement of motion (e.g. velocity or accelerationor both). A gyroscope may determine or provide data which represents ameasurement of orientation (e.g. amount of pitch or yaw or roll). Asound sensor may determine or provide data which represents ameasurement of sound intensity. For other types of sensors, the datadetermined or provided by the sensor may represent an analog value.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of various inputs from sensors that can be usedand actions that can be performed in accordance with at least oneembodiment of the invention. Any one of the devices described herein,including the devices shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5A and 5B, may operate inaccordance with the use of artificial intelligence as represented byFIG. 8. One or more inputs on the left side of FIG. 8 are received fromvarious sensors of a device and are input into the artificialintelligence (AI) logic. One or more actions on the right side of FIG. 8may be implemented by the AI logic automatically in response to anycombination of the inputs. In one implementation of this embodiment, theactions are implemented substantially immediately after the data issensed by one or more sensors.

Exemplary inputs of FIG. 8 may include, for example, proximity data,proximity data and blob detect data (e.g., from a multipoint touch inputscreen), proximity data and accelerometer data, accelerometer data andblob detect data, proximity data and temperature data, proximity dataand ambient light data, and numerous other possible combinations.

Exemplary actions of FIG. 8 may include, for example, turning off thebacklight of the portable device's display, suppressing the user'sability to input at the user interface (e.g., locking the input device),changing the telephone's mode, and the like. It will be appreciated thatcombinations of the above actions may also be implemented by the AIlogic. For example, the AI logic may both turn off the display'sbacklight and suppress the user's ability to input at the userinterface.

AI logic of FIG. 8 performs an AI (artificial intelligence) process. Incertain embodiments, the AI process may be performed without a specific,intentional user input or without user inputs having predetermined dataassociated therewith (e.g., key inputs). The artificial intelligenceprocess performed by the AI logic of FIG. 8 may use a variety oftraditional AI logic processing, including pattern recognition and/orinterpretation of data. For example, the AI logic may receive data fromone or more sensors and compare the data to one or more threshold valuesand, based on those comparisons, determine how to interpret the data. Inone embodiment, a threshold value may represent a distance which iscompared to a value derived from a light intensity measurement in aproximity sensor. A light intensity measurement which represents adistance larger than the threshold value indicates that the object(which reflected the emitter's light) is not near, and a light intensitymeasurement which represents a distance smaller than the threshold valueindicates that the object is near. Further, the input data may besubject to at least two interpretations (e.g. the data from a proximitysensor indicates that the user's head is near to the sensor, so turn offthe back light, or the data from the proximity sensor indicates theuser's head is not near, so leave the backlight under the control of adisplay timer), and the AI process attempts to select from the at leasttwo interpretations to pick an interpretation that predicts a useractivity. In response to the interpretation (e.g. the selection of oneinterpretation), the AI logic causes an action to be performed asindicated in FIG. 8, wherein the action may modify one or more settingsof the device. In at least certain embodiments, the AI logic may performan AI process which interprets the data from one or more sensors (whichinterpretation requires the AI process to select between at least twopossible interpretations) and which selects an action (e.g. modifying asetting of the device) based on both the interpretation of the sensordata and the current state of the device; the method shown in FIG. 11Ais an example of the use of information about the current state of thedevice (e.g. whether the user is currently communicating through thetelephone in the device) along with an interpretation of sensor data(proximity data in the case of FIG. 11A).

In certain embodiments, the AI process may perform traditional methodsof pattern recognition on the sensor data. For example, the rate ofchange of the distance between the device and the user's ear may have apattern (e.g. revealing a deceleration as the user moves the devicecloser to their ear), and this pattern in the rate of change of distancemay be detected by a pattern matching algorithm. The phrase “artificialintelligence” is used throughout to mean that a conclusion (whetherexplicit or implicit) can be drawn from data available from one or moresensors about a mode of usage by the user of the device. This conclusionmay or may not be expressed in the device (e.g., “the user is talking onthe phone”) but it will be mapped to specific actions or settings forthe device that would be appropriate if the user was using the device inthat way. For example, a telephone may be pre-programmed such thatwhenever it detects (1) a voice being spoken into the microphone, (2)that the phone is connected to a network, and (3) the proximity sensoris active, then the screen backlight will be dimmed. Suchpre-programming may involve simple logic (e.g. simple combinatoriallogic), but would nonetheless be within the scope of artificialintelligence as used herein. While learning, statistical analysis,iteration, and other complex aspects of AI can be used with the presentinvention, they are not required for the basic artificial intelligencecontemplated. Likewise, the word “analyze” does not imply sophisticatedstatistical or other analysis, but may involve observation of only asingle threshold or datum.

The AI processing, in at least certain embodiments, may be performed bya processor or processing system, such as digital processing system 103,which is coupled to the one or more sensors that provide the data whichform the inputs to the AI process. It will be appreciated that an AIprocess may be part of one or more of the methods shown in FIGS. 10 and11A-11F.

In at least certain embodiments, the device, which operates according toany of those methods, may have at least one input device (e.g. a keypador keyboard or touch input panel) which is designed to receiveintentional user inputs (e.g. which specify a specific user entry) inaddition to one or more sensors which are distinct and separate from theat least one input device and which sensors are not designed to receiveintentional user inputs. In fact, a user may not even be aware of thepresence of the one or more sensors on the device.

FIGS. 9A-C illustrate exemplary user activities that can be determinedbased on input data acquired by the one or more sensors of the portabledevice. Exemplary user activities include, but are not limited to, theuser looking directly at the portable device (FIG. 9A), the user holdingthe portable device at or near their ear (FIG. 9B), the user putting theportable device in a pocket or purse (FIG. 9C), and the like.

Additional information about user activities and/or gestures that can bemonitored in accordance with embodiments of the present invention aredisclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, titled“GESTURES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES,” filed Jul. 30, 2004, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, titled “MODE-BASED GRAPHICALUSER INTERFACES FOR TOUCH SENSITIVE INPUT DEVICES,” filed Jan. 18, 2005,all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method 200 for automaticallyresponding to certain user activities with respect to a portable device.In one embodiment, method 200 includes, but is not limited to, gatheringsensor data designed to indicate user activity with respect to aportable device, and executing machine-executable code to perform one ormore predetermined automated actions in response to the detection of theuser activity.

The method 200 may be performed by any one of the devices shown in FIGS.2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6 and 12 and may or may not use the artificialintelligence process shown in FIG. 8. Operation 202 gathers sensor data,from one or more sensors; the sensor data provides information aboutuser activity. For example, a proximity sensor may indicate whether thedevice is near the user's ear; a temperature sensor, an ambient lightsensor (or a differential ambient light sensor) and a proximity sensormay together indicate that the device is in the user's pocket; agyroscope and a proximity sensor may together indicate that the user islooking at the device. In operation 204, the data from the one or moresensors is analyzed; this analysis may be performed by one or moreprocessors within the device, including a processor within one or moreof the sensors. The analysis attempts to predict user activity based onthe sensor data. It will be appreciated that a prediction from thisanalysis may, in some cases, be wrong. For example, if a user places afinger over a proximity sensor when the user holds the device, this maycause the analysis to incorrectly conclude that the device is near theuser's head or ear. In operation 206, one or more device settings may beadjusted based upon, at least in part, the analysis of the data from theone or more sensors. This adjusting may include changing an illuminationsetting of the device or other actions described herein.

FIGS. 11A-F illustrate exemplary methods for sensing data andautomatically responding to the sensed data, and these methods may beperformed by any one of the devices shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6and 12 and may or may not use the artificial intelligence process shownin FIG. 8. It will be appreciated that several variations can be made tothe illustrated methods, including variations to the data sensed,analysis of the data and the response(s) to the sensed data.

The method of FIG. 11A includes optional operation 220 in which thedevice determines if the user is communicating through the telephonewithin the device. This may be performed by conventional techniquesknown in the art which can sense when a telephone call is in progress orwhen the user is otherwise communicating through the telephone or othercommunication device. In operation 222, proximity sensor data isreceived from one or more proximity sensors on the device. Then inoperation 224, the proximity sensor data is analyzed. For example, thedata is analyzed to determine whether an object, such as the user's earor head, is near the device. This analysis is used to decide whether andhow to adjust the device's settings as shown in operation 226. One ormore settings of the device may be automatically adjusted based on theanalysis of the proximity sensor data and optionally based on whether ornot the user is communicating through the telephone or othercommunication device. For example, if the proximity sensor indicatesthat the device is near the user's head or ear and it has beendetermined that the user is communicating through the telephone, thenthe device determines that the user is talking or otherwisecommunicating on the telephone or other communication device by havingthe device next to the user's ear as shown in FIG. 9B. In thissituation, the device automatically changes the manner in which datafrom one or more input devices is processed, such as suppressing auser's ability to make intentional inputs on an input device, such as akeypad or a touch input panel on the device. In addition to suppressingintentional inputs, the device may automatically adjust a power settingof one or more displays of the device. If, on the other hand, the devicedetermines that the user is not communicating though the telephone whilethe proximity sensor data indicates that an object is near to thedevice, the device may decide not to modify an illumination setting ofthe display and to not suppress the user's ability to enter intentionaluser inputs on an input device. The suppressing of inputs may occur inone of a variety of ways. for example, inputs may be suppressed byturning off or reducing power to the input device such that it is notoperational while in this mode; in another example, inputs may besuppressed while in this mode by not processing any inputs which arereceived by a fully powered input device; in yet another example, inputsare not processed as intentional inputs but are processed to confirmthey are “blobs” resulting from touches or near touches on the inputdevice. In the last example, even though an input appears to be anactivation of a key (the “3” button on a keypad) or other user interfaceitem, the input is not processed as an activation of that key but ratheris processed to determine whether it is a “blob.”

FIG. 11B shows a method of an embodiment of the present inventions whichrelates to a technique for controlling when data from an input device isprocessed as an input and when it is ignored as an intentional userinput. In operation 230, the device receives movement data from one ormore sensors. These sensors may include an accelerometer or a motionsensor or other types of sensors which indicate movement data. Thesesensors may be designed to distinguish between rapid movements and slowmovements. This is particularly true if the movements involve highlevels of acceleration. It is assumed in this embodiment that rapidmovements may be so rapid that it is unlikely the user could beintending to enter a user input and hence the device may decide toignore inputs which occur when such sensors indicate that the movementis faster than a threshold movement value. The movement data is analyzedin operation 232 to determine whether or not to automatically suppress auser's ability to input key inputs or other inputs based on the device'smovement. In operation 234, the device may automatically suppress auser's ability to enter inputs on an input device in response to theanalysis in operation 232.

FIG. 11C relates to an embodiment of the present inventions in whichdata relating to a location of the device and data relating to movementof the device are analyzed to determine whether or not to adjust one ormore settings of the device. In operation 260, data relating to thelocation of the device is received; this data may, for example, beprovided by a proximity sensor. In operation 262, data relating todevice movement is also received. This data may be from a motion sensoror from an accelerometer. In operation 264, the data relating tolocation and the data relating to device movement are analyzed todetermine whether or not to adjust a setting of the device. Thisanalysis may be performed in a variety of different ways. For example,the data relating to device motion may show a pattern of movement whichmatches the movement which occurs when a user moves the device from theuser's pocket to the user's head. The analysis may further determinethat the proximity data or other data relating to location showed thatthe device was not near the user's head or another object until near theend of the movement. In such a situation, the analysis would determinethat the user has pulled the device from their pocket and placed itagainst the user's ear. In operation 266, one or more settings of thedevice are adjusted automatically, without any intentional user input,based upon the analysis. For example, an adjustment may be made in themanner in which data from an input device, such as a touch input panel,is processed. For example, inputs to the input device are not processedas intentional user inputs, effectively suppressing the inputs. Inaddition, a display's illumination setting may be adjusted. For example,if the analysis of operation 264 determines the user has moved thedevice from a location away from the ear to a location close to the earthen, in one embodiment, an illumination setting may be adjusted and theuser's ability to enter intentional inputs into an input device may besuppressed.

FIG. 11D shows an embodiment of the present inventions in which datarelating to location and data relating to temperature is processedthrough an analysis to determine whether or not to adjust one or moredevice settings of the device. In operation 270, data relating tolocation, such as data from a proximity sensor, is received. Inoperation 272, data relating to temperature, such as temperature data ortemperature differential data, is received. In operation 274, the datarelating to location and the data relating to temperature are analyzedto determine whether to adjust one or more settings of the device. Inoperation 276, one or more device settings are adjusted in response tothe analysis of operation 274.

FIG. 11E shows an embodiment of the present inventions in which datarelating to location of a device and data relating to touches on a touchinput panel of the device are analyzed to determine whether to adjust asetting of the device. In this embodiment, data relating to location ofthe device is received in operation 290 and data relating to touches ona touch input panel is received in operation 292. The data relating tolocation may be from a proximity sensor. The data relating to touches ona touch input panel may be from a multi-point touch input panel which iscapable of detecting multiple point touches which may occur when auser's face is pressed against or is otherwise near the touch inputpanel. In operation 294, the data relating to location and the datarelating to touches are analyzed to determine whether to adjust asetting of the device. As a result of this analysis, in operation 296,one or more device settings are adjusted. For example, the adjustmentmay include automatically reducing power to the backlight of a displayor changing the manner in which data from the touch input panel isprocessed, or both adjustments.

A mode of the device may be used in order to determine whether to or howto adjust a setting of the device. The mode of the device may includeany one of a variety of modes or conditions, such as speakerphone modeor non-speakerphone mode, battery powered mode or not battery poweredmode, call waiting mode or not call waiting mode, an alert mode in whichthe device may make a sound, such as the sound of an alarm, etc. Thedata relating to user activity (e.g. data from one or more sensors, suchas a proximity sensor and/or a touch input panel, which is capable ofdetecting blobs from a face) is analyzed relative to the mode of thedevice and the analysis attempts to determine whether to adjust asetting of the device. One or more device settings may be adjusted basedon the sensed user activity and the device mode. For example, the devicemay automatically switch from speakerphone mode to non-speakerphone modewhen proximity data, and optionally other data (e.g. data from a motionsensor and an ambient light sensor) indicate the user has placed thedevice, which in this case may be a telephone, next to the user's ear.In this example, the device has automatically switched from speakerphonemode to non-speakerphone mode without any intentional input from theuser which indicates that the switch should occur. Another methodinvolves adjusting an alert or alarm volume depending on whether or notthe device is near to the user's ear. In this example, if the datarelating to user activity indicates that the device is adjacent to theuser's ear and if the mode of the device is set such that alarms oralerts will cause the device to make a sound, then the device willautomatically change the volume level for an alert or an alarm from afirst level to a second level which is not as loud as the first level.

FIG. 11F shows an embodiment of the inventions in which data from adevice configuration detector, such as a hinge detector, is used todetermine how to process data from one or more sensors on the device. Inone embodiment, this method shown in FIG. 11F may be used with thedevice shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B (and the proximity sensor referred to inFIG. 11F may be proximity sensor 84 in FIG. 5A). In particular, a hingedetector which is coupled to the hinge 87 may detect whether the deviceis open as shown in FIG. 5A or closed as shown in FIG. 5B. Otherconfiguration detectors may indicate whether a slide out input device(e.g. a slide out keyboard) or other type of input device has beenpulled out (or swung out) or not from a portion of the device. Inoperation 320, the device determines whether data from a hinge detectorshows that the device is open. If the device is not open, then inoperation 322, data from a proximity sensor is ignored if the proximitysensor is disposed on an interior surface of the device. Optionally, thepower to the proximity sensor may be reduced by, for example, turningoff the proximity sensor when the device is in a closed state. If it isdetermined in operation 320 that the device is open, then in operation324, data from the proximity sensor is processed to determine whetherthe device is placed near an object, such as the user's ear. If it isdetermined from the processing of operation 324 that the device is notnear the user's ear, then the display timer which controls the time thatthe display is illuminated, is allowed to continue to run in operation326. This display timer may be similar to the display timer whichoperates in the method shown in FIG. 1. If, in operation 324, it isdetermined that the device is near the user's ear, then in operation328, power to an illuminator of the display is reduced. This may beperformed by setting the display timer's value to a time out state tothereby cause the display's illuminator to be powered off. It will beappreciated that the method of FIG. 11F may save additional battery lifeby reducing power to the illuminator of the display before the displaytimer runs out.

It will be appreciated that a method which is similar to the methodshown in FIG. 1 may be used in addition to at least certain embodimentsof the inventions which adjust illumination settings. For example, inthe embodiment shown in FIG. 11A, a display timer which has been started(e.g. in operation 14 of FIG. 1) may continue to count while the methodshown in FIG. 11A is performed. The display timer will count, while themethod of FIG. 11A is being performed, until its time out state isreached and, upon doing so, the display timer may cause the illuminationsetting to be changed before the method of FIG. 11A is completed. Inthis case, the illumination setting is controlled by both the displaytimer and one or more sensors of at least certain embodiments of theinventions which cause an adjusting of illumination settings based uponthe analysis of data from one or more sensors.

The phrase “proximity sensor” is used throughout to mean a sensor, suchas a capacitive, temperature, inductive, infrared or other variety ofsensor, which is capable of detecting whether an object is presentwithin a certain distance of the sensor. A primary object of thisdetecting may be the head of the user (or any other object that wouldpresent viewing of the display screen).

Any of the embodiments of the inventions may include one or more userinterface controls which allow a user to override a result caused by oneor more sensors. For example, a control, such as a button, may bepressed by the user to cause the display to return to full power after aproximity sensor has caused the display to enter a reduced powerconsumption state. In another example, the user interface control may bea sensor (or group of sensors), such as an accelerometer, which detectsa user interaction with the device (e.g. shaking the device), and theuser interaction has been set up to cause an overriding of a statecaused by one or more sensors.

Certain embodiments of the inventions may employ one or more lightsensors which provide data relating to light, which data is analyzed todetermine whether or not to adjust one or more settings of a device,such as wireless device 100. Ambient light level data may be provided byan ambient light sensor which indicates the level of light intensitysurrounding that sensor. Ambient light differential data may be obtainedfrom two or more ambient light sensors which are disposed at differentpositions on the device. For example, one ambient light sensor may be onone side of the device, and another ambient light sensor may be onanother side of the device. A different in the light intensity levelsmay be determined by comparing the data from these two ambient lightsensors on two different sides or surfaces of the device. There are avariety of possible uses of a light sensor. A light sensor may be usedwith a proximity sensor to determine when a device is placed in a pocketto cause the device to be set in vibrate mode only or vibrate mode withaudible ringing. In another example, in response to a light sensordetermining that the ambient light is very low, and optionally inresponse to a user having set the device to visibly light up to show anincoming call when the ambient light is very low, the device mayautomatically be put in a “light ring” mode when it is dark so thatinstead of an audible ring from the device, the display flashes visibly(e.g. by repeatedly turning on and off the backlight) to indicate anincoming call. Another exemplary use of a light sensor involves using itas an alarm indicating that a dark room (or environment) has becomebrighter (e.g. the sun has risen or a door to a darkened room is openedto let light into the room). A light sensor may also be used to cause adevice to automatically act as a source of light (e.g. as a flashlight,in effect) upon sensing a low ambient light level.

FIG. 12 shows another example of a device according to an embodiment ofthe inventions. This device may include a processor, such asmicroprocessor 402, and a memory 404, which are coupled to each otherthrough a bus 406. The device 400 may optionally include a cache 408which is coupled to the microprocessor 402. This device may alsooptionally include a display controller and display device 410 which iscoupled to the other components through the bus 406. One or moreinput/output controllers 412 are also coupled to the bus 406 to providean interface for input/output devices 414 and to provide an interfacefor one or more sensors 416 which are for sensing user activity. The bus406 may include one or more buses connected to each other throughvarious bridges, controllers, and/or adapters as is well known in theart. The input/output devices 414 may include a keypad or keyboard or acursor control device such as a touch input panel. Furthermore, theinput/output devices 414 may include a network interface which is eitherfor a wired network or a wireless network (e.g. an RF transceiver). Thesensors 416 may be any one of the sensors described herein including,for example, a proximity sensor or an ambient light sensor. In at leastcertain implementations of the device 400, the microprocessor 402 mayreceive data from one or more sensors 416 and may perform the analysisof that data in the manner described herein. For example, the data maybe analyzed through an artificial intelligence process or in the otherways described herein. As a result of that analysis, the microprocessor402 may then automatically cause an adjustment in one or more settingsof the device.

In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described withreference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evidentthat various modifications may be made thereto without departing fromthe broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in thefollowing claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to beregarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: at an electronic devicewith one or more processors, memory, and a touch-sensitive display:receiving proximity data from a proximity sensor of the electronicdevice, wherein the proximity sensor is configured to obtain proximitydata corresponding to a location of a user relative to the electronicdevice; receiving a touch input on the touch-sensitive display;determining whether the electronic device is in one of a first or secondproximity state based on the received proximity data, wherein the secondproximity state occurs when the electronic device is proximate to theuser; upon determining that the electronic device is in the firstproximity state, processing the touch input as an intentional touchinput; upon determining that the electronic device is in the secondproximity state, processing the touch input as an unintentional touchinput; and in response to a change in the received proximity data,changing the processing of the touch input.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: after receiving the touch input on thetouch-sensitive display, determining whether the touch input resemblescontact with the user's body.
 3. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: upon determining that the electronic device is in the firstproximity state, displaying information on the touch-sensitive displayin a first display state, wherein the first display state is a regularpower mode; and upon determining that the electronic device is in thesecond proximity state, ceasing to display information on thetouch-sensitive display in a second display state different from thefirst display state, wherein the second display state is a low-powermode.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: in response to achange in the received proximity data, changing the display state of theelectronic device.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the electronicdevice includes an ambient light sensor configured to configured tosense a level of ambient light, and the method further comprising: inresponse to a change in the received proximity data and a change in thelevel of ambient light, changing the display state of the electronicdevice.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electronic device includesa radio frequency transceiver for communicating with one or more otherelectronic devices, and the method further comprising: determiningwhether the radio frequency transceiver is communicating with anotherelectronic device; and wherein: the touch input is processed as anintentional touch input when the electronic device is in the firstproximity state and the radio frequency transceiver is not communicatingwith another electronic device; and the touch input is processed as anunintentional touch input when the electronic device is in the secondproximity state and the radio frequency transceiver is communicatingwith another electronic device.
 7. A non-transitory computer readablestorage medium storing executable program instructions, which, whenexecuted by an electronic with one or more processors, memory and atouch-sensitive display, cause the electronic device to: receiveproximity data from a proximity sensor of the electronic device, whereinthe proximity sensor is configured to obtain proximity datacorresponding to a location of a user relative to the electronic device;receive a touch input on the touch-sensitive display; determine whetherthe electronic device is in one of a first or second proximity statebased on the received proximity data, wherein the second proximity stateoccurs when the electronic device is proximate to the user; upondetermining that the electronic device is in the first proximity state,process the touch input as an intentional touch input; upon determiningthat the electronic device is in the second proximity state, process thetouch input as an unintentional touch input; and in response to a changein the received proximity data, change the processing of the touchinput.
 8. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim7, wherein the executable program instructions further cause theelectronic device to: after receiving the touch input on thetouch-sensitive display, determine whether the touch input resemblescontact with the user's body.
 9. The non-transitory computer readablestorage medium of claim 7, wherein the executable program instructionsfurther cause the electronic device to: upon determining that theelectronic device is in the first proximity state, display informationon the touch-sensitive display in a first display state, wherein thefirst display state is a regular power mode; and upon determining thatthe electronic device is in the second proximity state, cease display ofinformation on the touch-sensitive display in a second display statedifferent from the first display state, wherein the second display stateis a low-power mode.
 10. The non-transitory computer readable storagemedium of claim 9, wherein the executable program instructions furthercause the electronic device to: in response to a change in the receivedproximity data, change the display state of the electronic device. 11.The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein:the electronic device includes an ambient light sensor configured toconfigured to sense a level of ambient light; and the executable programinstructions further cause the electronic device to: in response to achange in the received proximity data and a change in the level ofambient light, change the display state of the electronic device. 12.The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein:the electronic device includes a radio frequency transceiver forcommunicating with one or more other electronic devices; and theexecutable program instructions further cause the electronic device to:determine whether the radio frequency transceiver is communicating withanother electronic device; and wherein: the touch input is processed asan intentional touch input when the electronic device is in the firstproximity state and the radio frequency transceiver is not communicatingwith another electronic device; and the touch input is processed as anunintentional touch input when the electronic device is in the secondproximity state and the radio frequency transceiver is communicatingwith another electronic device.
 13. An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; a touch-sensitive display; a proximity sensor;and memory storing one or more programs to be executed by the one ormore processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:receiving proximity data from the proximity sensor, wherein theproximity sensor is configured to obtain proximity data corresponding toa location of a user relative to the electronic device; receiving atouch input on the touch-sensitive display; determining whether theelectronic device is in one of a first or second proximity state basedon the received proximity data, wherein the second proximity stateoccurs when the electronic device is proximate to the user; upondetermining that the electronic device is in the first proximity state,processing the touch input as an intentional touch input; upondetermining that the electronic device is in the second proximity state,processing the touch input as an unintentional touch input; and inresponse to a change in the received proximity data, changing theprocessing of the touch input.
 14. The electronic device of claim 13,wherein the one or more programs further comprise instructions for:after receiving the touch input on the touch-sensitive display,determining whether the touch input resembles contact with the user'sbody.
 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the one or moreprograms further comprise instructions for: upon determining that theelectronic device is in the first proximity state, displayinginformation on the touch-sensitive display in a first display state,wherein the first display state is a regular power mode; and upondetermining that the electronic device is in the second proximity state,ceasing to display information on the touch-sensitive display in asecond display state different from the first display state, wherein thesecond display state is a low-power mode.
 16. The electronic device ofclaim 15, wherein the one or more programs further comprise instructionsfor: in response to a change in the received proximity data, changingthe display state of the electronic device.
 17. The electronic device ofclaim 15, wherein: the electronic device includes an ambient lightsensor configured to configured to sense a level of ambient light; andthe one or more programs further comprise instructions for: in responseto a change in the received proximity data and a change in the level ofambient light, changing the display state of the electronic device. 18.The electronic device of claim 13, wherein: the electronic deviceincludes a radio frequency transceiver for communicating with one ormore other electronic devices; and the one or more programs furthercomprise instructions for: determining whether the radio frequencytransceiver is communicating with another electronic device; andwherein: the touch input is processed as an intentional touch input whenthe electronic device is in the first proximity state and the radiofrequency transceiver is not communicating with another electronicdevice; and the touch input is processed as an unintentional touch inputwhen the electronic device is in the second proximity state and theradio frequency transceiver is communicating with another electronicdevice.